The first surviving historical mention of the Pharisees

The first surviving historical mention of the Pharisees is from the Jewish-Roman historian Josephus (37 - 100 CE), in a description of the "four schools of thought," or "four sects," into which the Jews were divided in the 1st century BCE; the other schools were the Essenes, who were generally apolitical and who may have emerged as a sect of dissident priests who rejected either the Seleucid-appointed or the Hasmonean high priests as illegitimate; the Sadducees, who were the main antagonists of the Pharisees; and the "fourth philosophy"[7] possibly associated with the anti-Roman revolutionary groups such as the Sicarii and the Zealots. Other sects emerged at this time, such as the Early Christians in Jerusalem and the Therapeutae in Egypt.

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